Internal-combustion engine.



Y A. GASS.

l I' IN-T ERNAL COMBUSTIUN ENGINE.

r APPLICAHN FILED APRfzi, mmf f 1,168,879. Patente Jan. 1S, 1915. f afs'HEgTs-snsm a,

C. A. GASS.

INTERNAL cv'oNBusTloN ENGINE. v APPLICATION FILED APR.2I. 1914.

Patented' Jan. 1 8, ,1916.

vS SHEETS-SHEET 3.

INN-

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Www-8.58 A nvm/ron /g 7%@ A I I j Y cfm/nfs aus.;

' Q By pose of scavenging with same after the explosion.

Fitting within the cylinder 1, I provide a cylindrical sleeve 14, adapted to reciprocate therein. and provided with vports adapted .to coperate vwith the corresponding ports 1n the fixed cylinder 1. The upper portion of the sleeve 14 is constricted or is of less 'dia'meter than the lower portion to conform to the smaller diameter of the outer cylinder and is, provided with grooves in which the packing-rings 15 are placed. The packing rings 15' ar'e located, one or more on each side of a plurality of ranged in the same plane around the entire circumference of t e sleeve, which ports are adapted to coperate with thepexhaust and intake ports when the sleeve is reciprocated so as t bring the ports therein into the plane of therespective ports in the fixed cyl- Inder. The purpose of the plurality of ports Y or openings 16 is to provide access of the exploslvegases to the annular channels 7 when the sleeye 14 is in position to close both the haust port 10 of the fixed ina'fter descril'md.

serving afs "a place of .by the rcciprocation of tl intake and exhaust ports, the channels thus deposit for carbon .which `v ht otherwise Smooth" A,orleof the outer cylinder and interfere with "-Nlie movement of the sleeve.

will be understood that a single annularopening could be used but for the fact that t e two pa ing rin 4sections must be held f.

together, hence the p urality of openings 16, between A connecting ribswhich integrally unite the two portions of thefsleeve. sleeve 14 is also provi/ded adapted` to coperate with the'auxiliary excylinder and also the ports at 18 and 19 corresponding with ports 11 and 13 of the outer cylinder for controlling inlet and exit of air from the, crank case. Within the sleeve 14 there is provided the usual olgany preferred form of piston 2 0 w provided Y and 22 anf.-in order that it may fit the upper constrirted'portion of the sleeve lil, without leaving too much clearance space between hichv in the present instance is the piston and the head of the cylindcigt'he upper end of the piston -1s of smaller diamethe head, sub.` l the drawings. the usual pitman 24 of the shaft25. The crank stantially as illustrated yin 'lhe piston is connected by 23 with crank shaft 25 is supported in bearings 26 in the crank case 2 in the usual or. any preferred manner, the crank case being in the present instance, sealed or made air tight so that air iulinitted thereto may be compressed therein 1e piston, such air being used for scavenging purposes as here- For the purpose of reciprocating the sleeve 1l I have preferably provided an ecports or openings 16 ary The stud or shaft 32,

be deposited on the Agear 34 and A v from revolving with the shaft 25 and at the The` with a port at 1T vith the `usual packing rings 21 the movement ofthe sleeve during two vin Figs. 3-.6, a dotted the intake centric gear mechanism connected with and operable by the crankshaft 2,5. modate this mechanism the crank case is nlarged at 27 to inclose the mechanism. I It will be-understood, however, vthat any suitable arrangement ofthe mechanism relative catingthe sleeve as shown 1n Figs. 1, 2, 7 and 8 comprises an eccentric chain gear 28 secured to or integral with'. which carries an eccentric strap Th! strap is connected to an` arm or vpitman 31 which extends upwardly and has pivoted at .To accoman eccentric 29..--

thereof has secured theretov a chain gear 34 which is twicethe diameter of the chain gear 28, and is connected with the latter by means of a toothed chain 35 the arrangement being such 4that it will require two revolutions of, the crank shaft 25- for one rotationn of the gear 34, and the eccentric 33 connected therewith- A strap 36.surrounds the eccentric 33 and is connected by means of an arm or pit# man 3T with a pin 38 projecting from the side of the reciprocating sleeve liso as to in a predetermined 25 rotates. y the arm 31 .and the connected therewith,

manner when.. the shaft purpose of preventing other parts Qsanie time to permit the n rocate the parts the side wall 27 of tliecrank case is provided with suitable meanfsto persuch reci proeation.' For this ppl-pose eccentric 29 jto-,recip f theslde wall 27 1s fitted with a vslide tr'aclcf) 40 being revolubly carried end of the shaft'32. sf trated in Figs. 2 and substantially a i luspermits the refipl rocation of the sleeve 14 to take to illustrate graphivcomplete revolutions of the crank shaft 275,' I ave shown across the tops of the drawings line and points indicated thereon at a, b, c', etc., to, graphically represent the position of theQglieve at'each quarter turn ofthe shaft.

'piace inthe 'im lhe operaiion of my engine'may be described as follimr'lssin conne'c 'on with igS. 3 6, where Fig. 3 indicates t the piston .a-nd' sleeve at the beginr'ling'jof stroke., The -sleeve v A starting toward its lowest extreme of move'- .in figs. Sl'ard' messie the position of the parts at the end of the compression stroke. After the compression stroke cornes the explosion which takes place when the ports are substantially in the posiv tion shown in Fig. As indicated in Fig'. (i the sleeve i4 is moving upward toward the end ot this stroke to bring' the ,auxiliary exhaust ports and the. scavenging air inlet ports into registry so that these will he exposed .hy the rc iprocating piston. r It 'will lanoted in.i+`i (S that the plane ot' the auxiliary exhaust. port i0, i7 is above the plane of the scavenger port i3, 1 9. so that. exhaust gases, immediately atterthe explosion` will pass out through the auxiliaryexhaust port hot'ore the sca venger portv is open As soon,

hik the movement of the pistou.

however, as tac scavenger port is opened.'

'he air which has been compressed in the crank caso, rushes in. and ass'sts in cleaning olu' the burned `gases and this scavenging is further completed on the -final up stroke hy the opening ot the exhaust port Si7 as indicated Fig. l. ot' the drawings. During the zip-stroke the remaining burned gases and scaieugiug aix'. are forced out through the exhaust port 8 and the movement of the sleeve 14 is again changed so that the exhaust port .is closed at'the oeginning ot' the intake 'stroke 'when the mechanism comes haclfL to the position indicated in 3 ot thedrawingfs after havingv completed Lstrolie cycle. :is indicated in Fig. G of the drawine's.y tho sleeve 14 is brought into posi tion to open the air inlet valve 11, 18 so that during the upstroke or scavenging stroke ot the piston Q(l,- air is drawn into the .crank case and tinallj;y released when the parts come into the position indicated in Fig. t? at the hoginningr ot the fourth cycle, as previously' doscrihei'l.

'it will he noted that the double eccentric mechanism Vtor rw'iprocating the Sleeve 14. is adai'itcd to more the sleeve very quickly from one extreme of movement to another when the two ceceutrics 2) and 'i are Working together and to rcciin'ocate the sleeve Veri little during;r the intermediate revolution ot the cranl; si att when the movements ot the two cia-,enti s are in'acticall); in opposite directions. it this double eccentric arrangement which Vfacilitates moving the.

sleeve i4 in the desired manner.

it will he iuu'lerstood that various mechanisms coinrn'isin; ,.v eccentric gears or other suitable devices may he employed to'give the required movement to the sleeve li and 7l l!) lhavc illustrated another torni ot' divioc adapted t'or this purpose. Referring' to Figs. Si and`y l0. 25 represents the crank shaft. which. in this instance. is providod with airwfrcntrif. 5() connected to with a gcar 5l'.l thc latter of' toil to niosli wih a pinion 5" ineted with a arger gear adapted. to mesh with an internal gear 534i carried hy an eccentricstrzn) connected with an arln or pitnian 55, which latter hy means ot' the pivotai opening' at `543, may he connected with a snitahle pin on reciprocating sleeve i4. The Floating gears 52, 53 are pivotod on a pin 57 which projects from a bored out disk 58 which disk also surrounds the eccentric as illustrated in Fig. 9. This disk is preferablv held in place bymeans ot' a plate 59 secu thereto hy screws or other suitable device. It will he seelnin the sectional porton of Fig. l0, that the eccentric gear 5t as it rotates, will rotate the gears and these gears wili rotate the disk 58 about the eccentric 50, since. the internal gear 3tot the strap is prevented from rotation' oy arin .75. The proportions of the several gears are such that it requires two revolutions ot' the crank shaft 25 to in'iugtheeccentries and connected parts haci: to the saine position. Thus We ha ve in this construction the two eccentrics which at one time are act ing together and at another time actingv in opposition so that such a. mechanism adapted to give the two extremes a Inovenient to the sleeve '-t as required by the location ot the ports therein and in the l'ixcd cylinder.

in engincsrot similar type it has been found that. during' the eplosiou.y the Sleeves are sutiliccted to an enormous pressureand. under such conditions. are dilticult to more. tor during the explosion the pressure is all on one sidi 1t 'the sleeve. rin :ny device l ha viioi'crrozne an," tender-iev ot' the sieevetotlyout ot the cylinder when the explosion occurs, hy providing the sleeve with a, reduced arca at its upper end.. or that portion which is e\- posed ahove the piston in the explosion chaluhor at the time ot the ploslou ot' the gast-s.

This construction is sash that at. the time ot' the explosion oi" thc iu'ossuro ot gases at point Fig. l. ot' sloom' i+ will 'h' eXactly' the saine pushing' upward as the pr .ssure ot gases at the point l.' oi' slur-.ve it pushing danvnnard. .As au o.\;ar.u loit the area ot the inside ot" the i'iiudcr at Y is exactly theI sai. c as the arca oi' the inside ot the sieevc at X the grasos. will exert the saine pressure against X to ila-irc it away from the piston as it exerts against'. Y to drive it away troni the cylinder hoad and the only pressure that is brought to hear upon the sleeve toward driving' it outv of the cylinder ,is that which is caused .h v tlie"tii(rtiin ot the pistou rings against tinl inner 'wall ot sleeve l-t. lt is to lic undorstmvl that tinx pressure exerted upon oithcr sido of the port opening' ll' is halanred h v a like pressure upon thc other side.

Various uioditicatious ot' thc sporilic dctailsl or :u'rangmucnt ol' they partey may he inadc` and the sleeve may lic inoi'ml in Yarition as detined in the claims.

1. Inan linternal combustion engine, the combination with a crank shaft, of a stationary duced internal area take and exhaust ports located in different lanes, said reduced portion of the cylinder ling also provided nels opening inwardly one above the rvexhaust port and the lother between the exhaustport and the' intak eating sleeve,'between the piston and cylin.

der, the upper end of which is of 'reduced of sai I per end fitting closely in the -the cylinder, being-provided with ports-in the saine plane, said ports being adapted to register eitherA with said exhaust or with said intake port` and means operableby saidA shaft for reciprocating said sleeve through y let port at a', lpoint below area to pass up within the'reduced area.of 'this reduced area of the sleeve in' said cylinder,

two'diffeient extremes ofmoveinent alternating with eachrevolution ofthe shaft,

vfor bringing the ports in lsaid sleeve into with, the intake and exhaust ports- `cylinder` in predetermined sequence,

said annular channe s being adapted to permit balanced pressure o'n saidsleeve.

v2. In an internal 'combustin engine, the combination with a reciprocating piston, and a crank shaft, of a stationary cylinder hav-ing av reduced internal area at the upper end, just below vthe liead, said reduced area beingsubstantially of the same'diameter as the outside diameter Iof the piston and provided with an intake port and :an exhaust port located' in differentplanes, said reduced portion of the cylinder being also provided with an annular' hannel, opening inwardly, between the ,and the exhaust port, and

another annular channel, opening inwardly,

between the exhaust port andthe int ke the pisto'n, a scavenging port at .the lowest pointv reached by the piston and an airin# the, scavenging port; a reciprocating sleeve fitting closely within said cylinder and outside of said pis' ton, with a reduced outside area at the upaforesaid reduced internal area of the said fixed cylinder and providedwith ports in the same plane adapted for registry with said sleeve being also providedr in the lowe'rportion thereof with auxiliary exhaust, the scavenging and air inlet ports adapted for registry respectively rwith the auxiliary exhaust,

. scavenging and air inlet port in said cylinderA and means operable by said shaft for reciprocating said sleeve through two different extremes of 'movement alternating with each revolution of the shaft, for bringing the ports in said sleeve into registry with said ports insaid fixed cylinder in predetermined sequence,

being adapted lto -permit balanced pressure a reciprocating piston and cylinder, the' 4upper or explosion end'of which is of reand provided with in" with two annular chan-4 e port, a reciproa crank shaft, of

between the exhaust vided said annularv channels the upper outside area reduced to pass upv snugly within'thereduced insidearea of the aforesaidcylinder, provided' with a plurality 'of ports in thesame plane adapted to c0- goperate with either the intake or exhaust ports or to -lie over-'the annular channel beltween the exhaust and intake ports, packing rings on each side of said in said sleeve and means for reciprocating Asaid .sleeve through different extremes of movement alternating wit-h each revolution of thesh'aft, one'extremeof movement being adapted to bring said ports in the sleeve into plurality of ports cylinder, the

registry with said exhaust and intake'ports .permit balanced pressure on said sleeve.

In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a iecipi'ocating piston and vidnd with au integral head` the upper or A explosion end just below 'the head being of reduced internal area. and provided with intake and exhaust' ports located in different planes and two annular'r'zhannels opening inwardly: one ahove'the exhaust port 'and one andthe intake port, said stifiti'pnai'y cylinder being connecterLwith a closed crank case and' provided with a by-l p lcommunicating with the crank case and with "a scavenging port in said cylinder', of a reci ,ating sleeve. fitting closelywithin lsaid linder and outside of said piston prowitl, a reduced outside area at the upperl end fitting closely within the afore* said reduced internal area of the fixed c vlinder and provided with ports in the same plane adapted for registry with said intake and said exhaust ports in saidl cylinder and a scavenging port adapted for registry with said scavenging port'in said-fixed cylinder to permit entri'ince ofair from the crank case for scavenging purposes in said cylinder and means, operable by saidcrank shaft. includ` ing an eccentric tened to said shaft, intermediate gearing and a pitman for reciprocatingr said sleeve alternatcly through Ytwo different extremes of movement for bringing the ports in said vsleeve into registry respectively with the corresponding ports in said cylinder in preay stationary cylinder, pro-v respectively and` the other` to, keep them in lio and eccentric pinion fasdetermined sequence, substantially as -described.

5. In an internal combustion engine, thecombination with a. reciprocatin piston, a

vcrank shaft and a stationary cy inder"provided with intake and exhaust ports ,located in different planes and an annular channel between said ports, opening inward, of a reciprocating' sleeve between the piston and said cylinder, provided with a plurality of ports in the same plane adapted to coperate with either the exhaust or intake ports or to I lie over said annular channel and means, o erable by said shaft, for reciprocating said s eeve to bring said ports therein into the pla-ne of the exhaust port of said cylinder, then into the plane of the intake port for registry therewith respectively during,l one revolution of said shaft and for holding said ports in the sleeve in communication with said annular channel during the succeeding revolution of said shaft, whereby, during the explosion, the pressure on said sleeve will be balanced.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination with a reciprocating piston, a. crank shaft and 'astationary cylinder provided with intake and exhaust ports located in different planes and an annular channel between said ports, of a reciprocating sleeve between the piston and said cylinder, provided with a plurality of ports, in the same plane, adapted to coperate with either the exhaust or intake ports or with said annular channel, packing rings on each side of said plurality of ports in said sleeve and means for reciprocating said sleeve alternately through two diiierentextremes of movement, one extreme of such movement being adapted to bring said ports in the sleeve into reg,-

istry with said exhaust and intake ports -re- 

